Secundum id tympanum, majus item dentatum planum est collocatum, quo continetur axis, habens in summo capite subscudem ferreum qua mola continetur. Ita dentes ejus tympani, quod est in axi inclusum, impellendo dentes tympani plani, cogunt fieri molarurn circinationem, in qua machina impendens infundibulum subministrat moils frumentum, et eadem versatione subijitur farina.--Vitruvius, Lib. X. c. 10. as quoted by Beckman, Vol. I.
Si aquae copia est, fusurus balnearum debent pistrina suscipere; ut ibi formatis aquariis molis, sine animalium vel hominum labore, fr'umenta frangantur. -- Pallad de re rust. lib. I. 42. edit. Gean. II. p. 899. --Ibid.
73. Three hundred years after Augustus, the number of cattle-mills in Rome amounted to three hundred.--BECKMAN.
74. The formation and condensation of the steam, might have been managed in chambers, separate from the system of pipes and reservoirs elevating the water.
75. Since the above was written. I have seen it stated, that Watts did not take the idea of his great improvement from Dr. Black's discovery, but that it was entirely the result of his own inventive powers.
76. Note H.
77. In ascribing the invention of printing not to chance, but to the gradual progress of events, I am supported by the authority of Condorcet, and apparently also by that of Dugald Stewart. "L'invention de l'imprimerie a sans dour avancé le progres de l'espece humnine;mais cells invention etoit ellememe une suite de l'usage de la lecture repandu darts un grand nombre de pays." Vie du Turgot. Pref. to first dissertation to Enc. Brit.
78. On salt comment l'imprimerie s'est repandue depuis 1462 par la revolution que Mayence eprouva cette meme année.
Adolphe, comte de Nassau, soutenu par la Pape Pie II. ayant surpris cette rills imperials, lui ota ses libertes et privileges. Alors, tous les ouvriers, qu'elle avoit darts son sein a l'exception de Guttenburgh s'enfuirent, se disperserent et porterent leur art dans les lleux et les pays ou il n'etoit pas connu. C'est a set evenement que tons les historiers reunis a Jean Schceffer fils de Pierre et petit-fils de Faust, placent l'epoque de la dispersion dont l'Europe profita. (Encyclopedic art Imprimeriei.)79. Note G.
80. Dr. Robertson's History of America, vol. II.
81. Xenophon. Cyrop.
82. Page 148. Were this the place to enlarge on the subject, many circumstances confirmatory of such an event might be enumerated; as the traces of the existence of a race of mere hunters over all Europe, the roots of European languages being the same as those of central Asia, the form and constitution of the present domestic ox species, and of sheep, marking their gradual migration from a warm climate, into colder regions and more abundant pasture.
83. Nov. Org. L. 1. LXXXV.
84. Idem.
85. Georgic I. Dryden's Translation.
86. This follows from the nature of exchange, see page 166.
87. Wealth of Nations, Book 1. c. ix. The paradox contained in the passage preceding this quotation is exposed by Mr. Ricardo.
88. Wealth of Nations, Book I. c. ix.
89. Filius Aesopi detractam ex aure Metellae Scilicet ut decits solidurn exsorberet, aceto Diluit insignem baccam.
Hor. Sat. 11. IV. The value, 1,000,000 sestertii, was equal to about £5,000.
90. Plin. IX. 59.
91. Vis margaritarum aceto subactu. Quintus Curtius.
92. "Laudas, insane trilibrem Mullum: in singula quem minuas pulmenta necesse est.
Ducit te species, video. Quo pertinet ergo Proceros odisse lupos? quia silicet illis Majorem natura modum dedit, his breve pondus.
Hor. Sat. II. L. II.
Interea gustus elementa per omnia quaeruant, Nunquam animo pretiis obstantibus; interius si Attendas magis illa juvant quae pluris emuntur.
Juvenal, XI. Sat.
93. Aliud etiamnum liquoris exquisiti genus, quod garon vocavere, intestinis piscium caeterisque quae abjieienda essent, sale maeeratis ut sit illa putrescentium sanies.-- Nec liquor ullus paene praeter unguenta, majore in pretio esse caepit. Plin. lib. 31. c. 8. Nat.
His.
94. The edict was in the time of the Emperors Valens and Gratian. Gold and wine were laid under a similar prohibition.
95. Wealth of Nations, B. I. c. XI.
96. Idem. B. IV. c. 2 IX.
97. Cours d'Economie Politique, liv. VII. c. V.
98. Traite d'Economie Politique, liv. VII. c. IV.
99. Liv. VII. c. V.
100. Wealth of Nations, B. IV. c. I.
101. Wealth of Nations, B. I. c. XI.
102. Wealth of Nations, B. III. c. IV.
103. See note I
104. See note I
105. Embassy to China, Phil. edition, 1818, p.
237.
106. The reader may consult Gibbon, or the work of M. d'Arnay sur la vie priveé des Romains.
107. Chrysostom quoted by Jortin, Ecclesiastical History, vol. II. p. 359.
108. Until about two years since almost all Upper Canada and the eastern townships of Lower Canada, were supplied with American cottons of this sort smuggled over. Patterns were sent to Manchester, and imitation American cottons got out, which now supply the Canadian side of the line; they do not, however, as far as 1 have been able to learn, pass to the other.
109. Remark Q Fable of the bees.
110. These observations apply to the population of British descent or birth on both sides of the line.
111. Esprit des Lois, B. VII. C. 11.
112. One who has happened to reside in any part of Scotland, where facilities of this sort exist, must have had opportunities of observing very remarkable instances of the indefatigable industry they excite. Tracts of land, so very barren and impracticable as to seem condemned to perpetual sterility, may be seen in process of being converted into fertile soil, by being let out in small patches at very long or perpetual leases. A portion of the estate of Pilfoddles, near Aberdeen, almost a continuity Of rock, was, I recollect, so reclaiming about fifteen years ago. Those small fens, as they are termed, are taken by laborers, who work on them at spare hours when their other occupations fail them.
