登陆注册
书城英文图书Madame Chiang Kai-shek
10811600000003

第3章

书签收藏评论目录封面

Notes on Chinese Romanization

In a historical work such as this, expressing Chinese personal and place-names in English is an endeavor fraught with dilemmas. Pronunciation variations among Chinese dialects and regions have historically contributed to inconsistent English spellings. Imperfect knowledge of Chinese, English, and/or of the various Romanization systems developed over the past century or so has led to a multiplicity of spellings, some sensible, some whimsical, and others perplexing.

As a rule, I have spelled personal names of key figures who were widely known in the West as they were spelled at the time, or as they themselves spelled them (if known). I have generally followed the Chinese custom of putting the surname first (as in Chiang Kai-shek), but not always (i.e., Mayling Soong, K. C. Wu). Similarly, I have spelled place-names that were well known to English-speaking readers in the manner they were spelled (apart from Peking/Peiping, which, so as not to overly tax the nonspecialist reader with historical explanations tangential to the main story, appears as "Beijing" throughout). The Nationalist Party (variously spelled Kuomintang or Guomindang) appears as "Kuomintang." Apart from these, for which a brief key is provided below, I have generally used the P.R.C.'s Pinyin Romanization system.

Former name spelling

Modern name Pinyin spelling

PLACES

Burma

Myanmar

Canton

Guangzhou

Canton Province

Guangdong

Chungking

Chongqing

Formosa

Taiwan

Hangchow

Hangzhou

Hankow

Hankou (Wuhan)

Hongkew

Hongkou

Hsuchow

Xuzhou

Kuling

Guling (Lushan)

Mukden

Shenyang

Manchuria

Dongbei

Nanking

Nanjing

Peking (Peiping)

Beijing

Quemoy

Xiamen

Sian

Xi'an

Soochow (Suchow)

Suzhou

Taipei

Taibei

Tientsin

Tianjin

Tsingtao

Qingdao

Yangtze River

Yangzi River

Yenan

Yan'an

PEOPLE

Chiang Kai-shek

Jiang Jieshi

Sun Yat-sen

Sun Zhongshan

Mayling Soong

Song Meiling

Ching Ling Soong

Song Qingling

Eling Soong

Song Ailing

Chang Hsueh-liang

Zhang Xueliang

Chou En-lai

Zhou Enlai

K. C. Wu

Wu Guozhen

Chiang Ching-kuo

Jiang Jingguo

Wego Chiang

Jiang Weiguo

Wellington Koo

Gu Weijun

Lee Teng-hui

Li Denghui

Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi

Cixi Taihou

H. H. Kung

Kong Xiangxi

MADAME CHIANG KAI-SHEK

上一章第2章
下一章连载中
同类推荐
  • The Rise of Germany, 1939-1941

    The Rise of Germany, 1939-1941

    英文图书James Holland
    The Second World War is one of the most significant conflicts in history, but for seven decades our understanding of the war has remained mostly fixed, framed by the accounts of participants and an early generation of historians. James Holland, one of the leading young historians of World War II, has spent over a decade conducting new research, interviewing survivors, and exploring archives that have never before been so accessible to unearth forgotten memoirs, letters, and official records. In The Rise of Germany, Holland draws on this research to reconsider the strategy, tactics, and economic, political, and social aspects of the war. The Rise of Germany is a masterful book that redefines our understanding of the opening years of World War II. Beginning with the lead-up to the outbreak of war in 1939 and ending in the middle of 1941 on the eve of Operation Barbarossa, the Nazi invasion of Russia, The Rise of Germany is a landmark history of the war on land, in the air, and at sea.
  • The Nick Adams Stories（II） 尼克·亚当斯故事集（英文版）

    The Nick Adams Stories（II） 尼克·亚当斯故事集（英文版）

    英文图书(美)Ernest Hemingway
  • Once Stalked (A Riley Paige Mystery—Book 9)

    Once Stalked (A Riley Paige Mystery—Book 9)

    英文图书Lukeman
    "A masterpiece of thriller and mystery! The author did a magnificent job developing characters with a psychological side that is so well described that we feel inside their minds, follow their fears and cheer for their success. The plot is very intelligent and will keep you entertained throughout the book. Full of twists, this book will keep you awake until the turn of the last page."--Books and Movie Reviews, Roberto Mattos (re Once Gone)ONCE STALKED is book #9 in the bestselling Riley Paige mystery series, which begins with the #1 bestseller ONCE GONE (Book #1)—a free download with over 900 five star reviews!When two soldiers are found dead on a huge military base in California, apparently killed by gunshot, military investigators are stumped. Who is killing its soldiers, inside the secure confines of its own base?And why?
  • Mezzanine

    Mezzanine

    英文图书Nicholson Baker
    In his startling, witty, and inexhaustibly inventive first novelfirst published in 1986 and now reissued as a Grove Press paperbackthe author of Vox and The Fermata uses a one-story escalator ride as the occasion for a dazzling reappraisal of everyday objects and rituals. From the humble milk carton to the act of tying one's shoes, The Mezzanine at once defamiliarizes the familiar world and endows it with loopy and euphoric poetry. Nicholson Baker's accounts of the ordinary become extraordinary through his sharp storytelling and his unconventional, conversational style. At first glance, The Mezzanine appears to be a book about nothing. In reality, it is a brilliant celebration of things, simultaneously demonstrating the value of reflection and the importance of everyday human human experiences.
  • Unnamable

    Unnamable

    英文图书Faber & Faber
    The Unnamable - so named because he knows not who he may be - is from a nameless place. He speaks of previous selves ('all these Murphys, Molloys, and Malones…') as diversions from the need to stop speaking altogether. But, as with the other novels in the trilogy, the prose is full of marvellous precisions, full of its own reasons for keeping going. …perhaps the words have carried me to the threshold of my story, before the door that opens on my story, that would surprise me, if it opens, it will be I, will be the silence, where I am, I don't know, I'll never know, in the silence you don't know, you must go on, I can't go on, I'll go on.
热门推荐
  • 天上掉下个林奶爸

    天上掉下个林奶爸

    都市我去接你
    一个在外漂流了很久的他回到了这个原点，与一个被男人伤害了一次又一次的她相遇。但没谈过恋爱的他以为这只是一种占有欲所以不知道该如何面对自己对她的这份爱情！
  • 医妃来袭，扑倒傲娇王爷

    医妃来袭，扑倒傲娇王爷

    古言安莫年
    弑煞到死才明白原来自己的真情在别人眼里一文不值，害死自己不说，还让自己的师傅受万蛇噬咬之痛。重活异世，她发誓，这一世只为自己而活。遇佛杀佛，遇神杀神，谁都不能挡她游戏人间，肆意人生。只是这非要黏上来的男人是怎么回事？自己还是个带把的男儿装，他也能看上自己？＃＃＃小剧场＃＃＃弑煞扶额，强调：我喜欢女人。白煜尘撩了撩衣袖，漫不经心的笑：我喜欢你。弑煞无语：你喜欢我什么？我改？白煜尘笑一派性感慵懒，格外的撩人：我喜欢你不喜欢我嫌弃我的样子。“……………”这个她改不了！女强男强爽文，女主不小白，男主前期高冷，后期忠犬。强调：绝宠文，男女主之间无误会。
  • 曹锟（北洋风云人物）

    曹锟（北洋风云人物）

    传记董尧
    少时读书不成，卖布蚀本，又不愿继承父业，人称“曹三傻子”。愤而从戎，结“袁”而上，方成直系首领。成为北方霸主后，曹锟广敛钱财，家资无数，权力欲极盛，总想弄个总统干干。曹锟重金“贿选”，留下千古骂名。本书正是以“贿选”为核心，记述了曹锟“贿选”前后的起起伏伏。少时读书不成，卖布蚀本，又不愿继承父业，人称“曹三傻子”。愤而从戎，结“袁”而上，方成直系首领。成为北方霸主后，曹锟广敛钱财，家资无数，权力欲极盛，总想弄个总统干干。曹锟重金“贿选”，留下千古骂名。本书正是以“贿选”为核心，记述了曹锟“贿选”前后的起起伏伏。
  • 川神来solo

    川神来solo

    游戏桉先生
    [电竞甜文＋宠文]原本只是想单排solo一下的没想到排到了川神，季椋表示有点受宠若惊，之后他就赖上她了是怎么回事？您和我想象中的川神不一样，您都不高冷了啊。三年前在瑞士的一场大病，季椋选择性的忘记了一些让她觉得痛苦的事情。那件事和沈川有关。沈川在那时候救了季椋，而季椋已经不记得了。但季椋向师父江淮问起的时候，江淮隐瞒季栋说不认识沈川。即使这样，命运早已经把他们两个人绑在一起。忘记了我没关系，我会让你再次喜欢上我，无论何时何地，只要是你我都值得一试。你是我的唯一。三年后。李椋大病好后回因，一切都发生了变化。她要拿回属于师父的荣耀。那个时代，属于京城。
  • 重回七零：赚钱小娇妻

    重回七零：赚钱小娇妻

    现言青柠微凉
    前世，她因为善意而被拐卖，在深山中葬送了一生。重生在前世被拐时，因为一个男人，她摆脱了凄惨的命运。可谁知，这个看着成熟稳重的军人竟然就是自己的娃娃亲对象？重活一世，她抓紧每一个发财机会，发誓让家人无忧一生。只不过，眼前这个死缠烂打的男人是咋回事？甩不开，躲不掉，陆红英在某天看着霍律营的睡颜，笑了。这一世，总算没有白活。--情节虚构，请勿模仿
  • 荒原

    荒原

    文学北朔
    本书是一位充满才气的中学生的作品精选集，有玄妙诡异、直指人心的短篇小说，有情感璞真的散文，有守望古风、画面唯美的古典诗词。各篇有不同的背景、不同的题材：音乐奇才卡洛与杀手伊泽尔的爱情；庞涓与孙膑的情谊和仇怨；变身哑女的蝉；对来世的感想；等等。但相同的是华美文字间奇异诡谲的气氛，以及每一个深刻贴切的细枝末节——这正是这个九九年女孩所擅长的。
  • 我家将军多妩媚

    我家将军多妩媚

    古言凤栖
    威武不屈的大将军重生成了敌国娇滴滴的新嫁娘，她一心搅乱想要给故国争光，却发现别人口中的那个没用夫君，一朝高中封官拜相，锦袖一挥，说要给她帮忙。江山万里杯中晃，美人心计泪间藏。她知白首不离情难得，好在一直有人将她捧在心上。
  • 失宠弃妃：冷皇霸爱夺欢

    失宠弃妃：冷皇霸爱夺欢

    古言花辞树
    为了得到她,他不惜以五十万大军压境威胁，三座城池为聘娶她为妃。但他从不信她，因为她早已有了心上人。被诬陷绝孕，他暴怒的掐着她的脖子喝问：“你就这么不想生下朕的孩子？！”她倔强冷笑：“是！因为你不配！”一句话惹怒帝王，从此，她成为冷宫弃妃！但她没想到的是，他们之间的纠缠……这才刚刚开始！--情节虚构，请勿模仿
  • 唤醒情商：不失控的情绪管理能量书

    唤醒情商：不失控的情绪管理能量书

    励志陈爱芬
    情商是最重要的生存能力和技巧，是一种发掘情感潜能、运用情感能力影响生活各个层面和人生走向的最为关键的因素之一。诸多事实证明，一个人情商越高，他能获得的幸福也就越多。本书分为“自我成长”和“在关系中成长”两个部分，分别从“处理自己与自己的关系”和“处理自己与别人的关系”两个角度剖析情绪管理的深层奥秘，旨在帮助我们发现自己的情绪模式，觉察到自己的内在小孩，从而疗愈自己，实现很好的自我成长，继而在各种关系中获得圆满。
  • 追妻无门：女boss不好惹

    追妻无门：女boss不好惹

    现言叶琼雨
    青涩蜕变，如今她是能独当一面的女boss，爱了冷泽聿七年，也同样花了七年时间去忘记他。以为是陌路，他突然向他表白，扬言要娶她，她只当他是脑子抽风，他的殷勤她也全都无视。他帮她查她父母的死因，赶走身边情敌，解释当初拒绝她的告别，和故意对她冷漠都是无奈之举。突然爆出她父母的死居然和冷家有丝毫联系，还莫名跳出个公爵未婚夫，扬言要与她履行婚约。峰回路转，破镜还能重圆吗？ PS:我又开新文了，每逢假期必书荒，新文《有你的世界遇到爱》，喜欢我的文的朋友可以来看看，这是重生类现言，对这个题材感兴趣的一定要收藏起来。