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第20章 关于成功(7)

I didn,t really learn about leadership until I did these expeditions. Because I had to, at a certain point, say, “What am I doing out here? Why am I doing this? What do I get out of it?” We don,t make money at these damn shows. We barely break even. There is no fame in it. People sort of think I went away between Titanic and Avatar and was buffing my nails someplace, sitting at the beach. Made all these films, made all these documentary films for a very limited audience.

No fame, no glory, no money. What are you doing? You,re doing it for the task itself, for the challenge-and the ocean is the most challenging environment there is, for the thrill of discovery, and for that strange bond that happens when a small group of people form a tightly knit team. Because we would do these things with 10-12 people working for years at a time. Sometimes at sea for 2-3 months at a time.

And in that bond, you realize that the most important thing is the respect that you have for them and that they have for you, that you,ve done a task that you can,t explain to someone else. When you come back to the shore and you say, “We had to do this, and the fiber optic, and the attentuation, and the this and that, all the technology of it, and the difficulty, the human performance aspects of working at sea, you can,t explain it to people. It,s that thing that maybe cops have, or people in combat that have gone through something together and they know they can never explain it. Creates a bond, creates a bond of respect.

So, when I came back to make my next movie, which was Avatar, I tried to apply that same principle of leadership which is that you respect your team, and you earn their respect in return. And it really changed the dynamic. So, here I was again with a small team, in uncharted territory doing Avatar, coming up with new technology that didn,t exist before. Tremendously exciting. Tremendously challenging. And we became a family, over a four and half year period. And it completely changed how I do movies. So, people have commented on how, well, you brought back the ocean organisms and put them on the planet of Pandora. To me it was more of a fundamental way of doing business, the process itself, that changed as a result of that.

So, what can we synthesize out of all this? You know, what are the lessons learned? Well, I think number one is curiosity. It,s the most powerful thing you own. Imagination is a force that can actually manifest a reality. And the respect of your team is more important than all the laurels in the world. I have young film makers come up to me and say, “Give me some advice for doing this.” And I say, “Don,t put limitations on yourself. Other people will do that for you, don,t do it to yourself, and don,t bet against yourself. And take risks.”

NASA has this phrase that they like: “Failure is not an option.” But failure has to be an option in art and in exploration, because it,s a leap of faith. And no important endeavor that required innovation was done without risk. You have to be willing to take those risks. So, that,s the thought I would leave you with, is that in whatever you,re doing, failure is an option, but fear is not. Thank you.

在我成长过程中,科幻小说一直是我的精神食粮。高中时我每天搭巴士上下学,单程要一小时。坐公车时,我总是沉浸在科幻小说里,仿佛被带入了另一个世界,书中讲述的一个个故事极大地满足了我无休无止的好奇心。

事实上,在课余时间,我常常在好奇心的驱使下,去徒步旅行,钻进树林去采集“标本”——青蛙、蛇、昆虫之类,把它们带回家,放在显微镜下观察。我是个真正的科学怪人,总是想尽可能地去了解这个世界,去揭示它可能存在的极限。

我非常热爱科幻小说,因为它们似乎就是现实的写照,书中的一切都确实发生在我们身边。60年代末期,人类登上了月球,探索了深海。电影摄影师雅克·格斯特让我们在电视上看到了神奇的海洋生物,向人类展示了从未想象过的动物和奇妙的水下世界。这似乎与科幻小说中的构想遥相呼应。

我还是个画家,能绘画,能创作。那时的我接触不到电视游戏,缺乏登峰造极的CG电影技术,连多媒体领域的素材库都没有,所以我不得不在脑海中臆造这些形象。就像孩子们读书时会想象书中的场景那样,我们读小说时,作者所描绘的影像就会在脑海中不断放映。这些影像一出现,我就会把它们画下来,于是我开始画外星人、外星世界、机器人、宇宙飞船等等。老师不止一次在数学课上逮到我在课本后面乱涂乱画,因为我得给我的想象力开启一扇让其肆意奔涌的闸门。

然而一件有趣的事——雅克·格斯特的电视节目的播出,着实让我兴奋不已,我相信地球上就存在一个外星世界。虽然我可能永远无法进入这个世界,因为这确实不现实。但是我能游历水下世界,它就在地球上,富饶又充满异地情调,就像我读了科幻小说后所幻想的那样。

所以15岁时,我决定成为一个潜水员,去探索神秘的海洋。唯一的问题是,我生活在加拿大的一个小山村,距离最近的海也有600英里。但我没有因此气馁,而是缠着父亲,直到他同意让我参加在边境纽约州布法罗市——需要从我家穿过美加国界线——的一个潜水培训班。于是在一个寒冬,我在布法罗基督教青年会的一个泳池里获得了潜水证书。然而,直到两年后,我们全家搬到了加利福尼亚,我才见到了真正的大海,进行真正的潜水。

从那时算起到现在的40年间,我在海底潜水共约3000小时,其中500小时是在潜水艇里度过的。无论是深海还是浅海环境,大海都丰富多彩,充满奥秘,超乎我们想象。比起人类的想象力,自然的想象力更加浩瀚。直到今天,每次下潜时,我仍旧对眼中的海洋世界充满敬畏,而我与大海的不解情缘仍在延续着,上演着。

但成年后,我并没有以潜水为职业,而是选择了电影摄制作为自己的事业。孩提时,我就喜欢画漫画,画很多东西。我喜欢讲故事,画图画,而要把它们结合起来,电影摄制是再合适不过的工作了。电影摄制将图片和故事有机结合,并赋予它们更深刻的意义。当然,我选来拍成电影的都是科幻故事,比如《终结者》《异型》《深渊》。 拍摄《深渊》时,我把自己对水下世界的爱、对潜水活动的爱融入其中,把对这两件事的激情融合到了一起。

拍摄《深渊》时,又出现了些有趣的事:我们要塑造一个水状的生物,为了解决这一特效上的问题,我们使用了“计算机生成动画”技术,即CG。电影史上第一个软表面的电脑绘制形象在此技术下诞生了。虽然这部电影没让公司赚到一分钱,还差点亏本,我还是得说,我看到了令人惊奇的一幕,全世界的观众都为这种像魔法一般的新技术神魂颠倒。

根据亚瑟·克拉克定律——任何非常先进的技术,初看都与魔法无异。很多观众都像是看到了神奇的魔法。这让我非常兴奋。我想CG技术也应该用到电影艺术中去。所以,在下一部电影《终结者2》中,我们把这种技术又推进了一步。和工业光魔特效制作公司一起,创造了一个液态金属人。这部电影能否大放异彩就要看特效了。事实证明,特效不负众望。我们又一次施展了魔法,观众们依旧为之疯狂。尽管这部电影还是没让我们赚到什么钱。

这两次经历是一条分界线,对电影大师们来说,这意味着一个全新的、充满想象与创造的世界即将诞生。于是我和好友斯坦·温斯顿——拍摄前几部电影时的首席特效化装和角色设计师——创立了“数字领域”公司。这个名字意味着,我们要跳过光学影印模拟制作过程直接进入数字电影制作。实际上,我们也确实是这么做的,这使得我们在一段时间内有了一定的竞争优势。

虽然我们确实已经组建了公司进行造型设计,但在90年代中期,我发现我们有些落后了。 我写了《阿凡达》这部电影,想要以此大力推动视觉效果和CG效果,用CG生成具有真实人类情感的角色,完全用CG诠释主要角色和世界。但这电影不得不延期拍摄,因为公司员工告诉我,我们一时半会儿还没有能力做到这点。

于是我把《阿凡达》搁到一边,转而制作了另一部电影,这部电影主要描述了一艘巨轮——“泰坦尼克号”——的沉没。 我告诉电影制片方,我把它定位为巨轮上的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,一部关于爱情的电影,就像罗密欧与朱丽叶的故事一样凄美动人。而实际是因为我想潜入海底寻找真正的“泰坦尼克号”的残骸,所以我才要做这部电影。但制片方并不知道这一真相。为说服他们,我说:“我们要潜入海底,寻找真正的泰坦尼克号,,这样可以拍摄真实的画面。如果把这个片段用在首映式上,会引起很大的轰动,也会有良好的市场反响的。”我真的说服了制片方组建了一支探险队呢。

虽然这听起来有些疯狂,但这就回到了“想象创造现实”的主题。因为我们确实创造了现实。6个月后,我乘一艘俄罗斯潜艇,在北大西洋2.5英里深的水下,从观察舱里看到了真实的“泰坦尼克号”,不是电影里的,也不是高清屏幕上的,而是真实的“泰坦尼克号”。

《泰坦尼克号》的拍摄着实让我兴奋。我们做了很多准备工作,搭建相机、设置灯光及各种设备。但令我震惊的是,这次深海拍摄就像是一次太空任务,需要尖端的科技和周全的计划。我乘坐潜水艇潜入深海,那里漆黑又充满危险,如果无法靠自己返回水面,其他人也无法开展营救工作。我想:“这就像生活在科幻电影中似的,真是太酷了。”

不过,我真的热衷于海底探险。当然,探求科学的那种好奇心才是最重要的,科学需要冒险,需要好奇心,也需要想象力。只是在好莱坞拍电影是无法体验到这些经历的。我能够想象出一个生物并为它创造出视觉效果。但是透过潜艇窗户看到的那些生物,是我永远想象不到的。在随后的探险中,我在深海热泉里看到了一些无人见过、无人知晓的生物,实际上,我们看到它们并拍下照片时,它们还没有科学记载。

这一切让我感到非常震撼,我必须做得更多。为了满足自己的好奇心,我做了一个决定。 在《泰坦尼克号》成功后,我决定暂别好莱坞导演这一主业,做一段时间全职探险家。于是我们开始计划一些探险,一行人兴致勃勃地去了俾斯麦海域,在自动探测车帮助下,对这一海域展开了探索。然后我们重回“泰坦尼克号”的残骸。我们决定进到“泰坦尼克号”内部做一次调查,这是史无前例的,从没有人看过沉船内部,因为他们无计可施,然而我们想出了办法。

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