As for the advantage that others would derive from the communication of my thoughts,it could not be very great;because I have not yet so far prosecuted them as that much does not remain to be added before they can be applied to practice.And I think I may say without vanity,that if there is any one who can carry them out that length,it must be myself rather than another:not that there may not be in the world many minds incomparably superior to mine,but because one cannot so well seize a thing and make it one's own,when it has been learned from another,as when one has himself discovered it.And so true is this of the present subject that,though I have often explained some of my opinions to persons of much acuteness,who,whilst I was speaking,appeared to understand them very distinctly,yet,when they repeated them,I have observed that they almost always changed them to such an extent that I could no longer acknowledge them as mine.I am glad,by the way,to take this opportunity of requesting posterity never to believe on hearsay that anything has proceeded from me which has not been published by myself;and I am not at all astonished at the extravagances attributed to those ancient philosophers whose own writings we do not possess;whose thoughts,however,I do not on that account suppose to have been really absurd,seeing they were among the ablest men of their times,but only that these have been falsely represented to us.It is observable,accordingly,that scarcely in a single instance has any one of their disciples surpassed them;and I am quite sure that the most devoted of the present followers of Aristotle would think themselves happy if they had as much knowledge of nature as he possessed,were it even under the condition that they should never afterwards attain to higher.In this respect they are like the ivy which never strives to rise above the tree that sustains it,and which frequently even returns downwards when it has reached the top;for it seems to me that they also sink,in other words,render themselves less wise than they would be if they gave up study,who,not contented with knowing all that is intelligibly explained in their author,desire in addition to find in him the solution of many difficulties of which he says not a word,and never perhaps so much as thought.Their fashion of philosophizing,however,is well suited to persons whose abilities fall below mediocrity;for the obscurity of the distinctions and principles of which they make use enables them to speak of all things with as much confidence as if they really knew them,and to defend all that they say on any subject against the most subtle and skillful,without its being possible for any one to convict them of error.In this they seem to me to be like a blind man,who,in order to fight on equal terms with a person that sees,should have made him descend to the bottom of an intensely dark cave:and I may say that such persons have an interest in my refraining from publishing the principles of the philosophy of which I make use;for,since these are of a kind the simplest and most evident,I should,by publishing them,do much the same as if I were to throw open the windows,and allow the light of day to enter the cave into which the combatants had descended.But even superior men have no reason for any great anxiety to know these principles,for if what they desire is to be able to speak of all things,and to acquire a reputation for learning,they will gain their end more easily by remaining satisfied with the appearance of truth,which can be found without much difficulty in all sorts of matters,than by seeking the truth itself which unfolds itself but slowly and that only in some departments,while it obliges us,when we have to speak of others,freely to confess our ignorance.If,however,they prefer the knowledge of some few truths to the vanity of appearing ignorant of none,as such knowledge is undoubtedly much to be preferred,and,if they choose to follow a course similar to mine,they do not require for this that Ishould say anything more than I have already said in this discourse.For if they are capable of making greater advancement than I have made,they will much more be able of themselves to discover all that I believe myself to have found;since as I have never examined aught except in order,it is certain that what yet remains to be discovered is in itself more difficult and recondite,than that which I have already been enabled to find,and the gratification would be much less in learning it from me than in discovering it for themselves.Besides this,the habit which they will acquire,by seeking first what is easy,and then passing onward slowly and step by step to the more difficult,will benefit them more than all my instructions.Thus,in my own case,I am persuaded that if I had been taught from my youth all the truths of which I have since sought out demonstrations,and had thus learned them without labour,I should never,perhaps,have known any beyond these;at least,I should never have acquired the habit and the facility which I think I possess in always discovering new truths in proportion as I give myself to the search.
And,in a single word,if there is any work in the world which cannot be so well finished by another as by him who has commenced it,it is that at which I labour.
