This company， at an expense of $100，000， have supplied their mines with an abundance of water， extracted several hundred tons of ore， and erected buildings， smelting furnaces， and other appliances to facilitate their operations. They employ about one hundred men， mostly Mexican miners. Their supplies of breadstuffs and beef are obtained by contract from Sonora. These mines are situated one hundred and thirty miles from the mouth of the Gila River， and about sixty miles south of it. The ore varies in richness from thirty to sixty per cent， and the proceeds of some sales in London were quoted as being the highest prices ever paid for ore in that market. A portion of this mine is owned by English capitalists， and it is without doubt one of the most valuable in the world. The profits may be easily calculated， when it is known that the ore costs delivered in Swansea， England， not exceeding $125 per ton， and is worth from $200 to $375 per ton.
Of course these profits will be greatly increased when the company is in a position to smelt its ores at the mine. The Sonora Exploring and Mining Company was organized in 1856， with a capital of two million dollars ($2，000，000). Its principal office is in Cincinnati， Ohio， and its seat of operations at Tubac， in the Santa Cruz valley. This company is managed in its mining operations by Chas. D. Poston， Esq.， a gentleman of much experience on the Pacific coast， and of great energy of character.
The Rancho of Arivaca， containing several valuable silver mines， and seventeen thousand acres of valuable land， has been purchased by this company. It has also acquired the titles to a number of other valuable mines of galena ore， and copper containing silver and gold. Hitherto， the exertions of the company have been directed principally to explorations and cleaning out the old mines， but they have at present above ground， ready for smelting， several thousand dollars worth of their ores. Prof. Booth， U. S.
Assayer， as well as other distinguished authorities， have， after thorough experiment， given to the company certificates of the great richness of the ores already shipped to the east. The annual report of the Sonora Mining Co. is full of interest to the general reader. The Sopori mine is another very valuable property. It is owned by Messrs. Douglass， Aldrich， and another.
Want of capital has prevented the extensive development of this mine. It affords its proprietors a handsome profit， worked in the smallest and cheapest manner. The vein is of great size， has been traced several rods in length， and pays about one dollar to the pound of ore. The writer has examined specimens from the "Sopori，" taken at random， and so rich is the ore that the native silver can be cut out of it with a penknife， as out of a Mexican dollar. Undoubtedly the Sopori mine is destined to yield hundreds of millions. It is a peculiarity of the ores in this district that they run near the surface， making mining of comparative small cost. The Sopori mine is surrounded by a fine country， well watered and wooded. The "Gadsonia Copper Mining Co.，" after taking out a few tons of exceedingly rich ore--averaging over eighty per cent.--was obliged to suspend operations on account of the cost of transportation. When the Territory shall be organized and capital protected by law， these mines will be worked to advantage. "The Gila River Copper Mines" are more favorably situated than any other yet opened， being directly on the Gila River， only twenty-five miles from its mouth. The ores can be taken from the mine， immediately shipped upon flat boats or a light draft steamer， and transported down the Colorado River to the head of the Gulf of California， when they can be transhipped to England at small cost. Upwards of twenty veins of copper ore have been opened， and the assays give results varying from 30 to 70 per cent. These mines are owned by Messrs. Hooper， Hinton， Halstead， and another. Several thousand dollars have been already expended in prospecting and opening veins， and it was anticipated by the proprietors that the first cargo would be shipped to Swansea， England， this year.
Smelting works will eventually be built at the mines， or at Colorado City， opposite Fort Yuma， and the profits of this company must be very great. The vicinity of the Colorado， and the abundance of wood and water， give the proprietors facilities for conducting their operations at small cost.
Silver mining is also carried on in the vicinity of Mesilla Valley， and near the Rio Grande. Many other mining operations are constantly being commenced； but the depredations of the Apache Indians have almost entirely snatched success from the hard-working miner， who， besides losing his all， is often massacred in some ferocious manner.
孨o protection， either civil or military， is extended over the greater portion of Arizona. This checks the development of all her resources--not only to her own injury， but that of California and the Atlantic States--by withholding a market for their productions， and the bullion which she is fully able to supply to an extent corresponding to the labor employed in obtaining it.
A. B. Gray， Esq.， late U. S. Surveyor under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo， for running the Mexican Boundary， and subsequently Exploring Engineer and Surveyor of the Southern Pacific Railroad， has probably seen more of the proposed Territory of Arizona than any other person， his statements in reference to that region， embodied in a report to the Hon.， the Secretary of the Interior， from actual field reconnoissances six years ago， will be read with much interest， particularly as since then， repeated developments in that country have proved the correctness of his judgment； his opinions are， therefore， of much importance， as expressed in his able report. It will be recollected that this was then Mexican Territory. Colonel Gray says：
